RESUMO – ABSTRACT – Multifunctional paper packaging requires coating systems that can simultaneously provide passive barrier performance and active functionality, although these functions may impose different requirements on coating composition and structure. This study investigated multilayer bio-based coatings based on starch, beeswax, and condensed quebracho tannin, with an emphasis on how coating architecture influences barrier performance and antioxidant accessibility.
In the barrier-first architecture, application of a starch–beeswax layer reduced air permeance from 6.297 to 0.549 μm/(Pa·s) and increased grease resistance from Kit 0 to Kit 10. Addition of an outward-facing starch–beeswax–tannin active topcoat maintained these barrier properties, with a final air permeance of 0.514 μm/(Pa·s) and Kit 10. Antioxidant performance was strongly dependent on the organization of the tannin-containing coating.
In the active-first architecture, covering starch–tannin layers with the barrier coating consistently reduced 24-h radical scavenging activity by approximately 15 percentage points across tannin concentrations of 10–70 wt%. At 50 wt% tannin, radical scavenging activity decreased from 91.48% for the exposed active layer to 76.72% after barrier coating, whereas the barrier-first architecture with an outward-facing starch–beeswax–tannin topcoat reached 95.26%.
Because the architectures differed in both layer organization and active-topcoat composition, the comparison is interpreted at the architecture level rather than as an isolated layer-sequence effect. Overall, the results demonstrate that composition, layer position, and layer sequence should be considered together as engineering design variables when developing multifunctional paper coatings. This architecture-based approach provides a framework for integrating renewable barrier and active materials into fiber-based packaging while preserving the distinct functions required from each region of the coated structure.
Keywords: active paper packaging; bio-based coatings; multilayer coatings; tannins; barrier properties
AUTORES:
Tao Huang1, Mayara Felix Santana1, Ericka Figueiredo Alves Redmond1
1Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
REFERÊNCIAS O PAPEL vol. 87, N.o 10, pp. 89 – 97 – OCT 2026
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